What Is Heart Disease?

Heart disease includes all disorders that impair the structure and function of the heart.  In order to correctly diagnose your pet, your veterinarian can perform tests which may include X-rays or an ultrasound of your pet's heart.

Two of the most common types of heart disease in pets are chronic valvular disease and myocardial disease.  A common disease in dogs, heart disease can also affect cats.

In chronic valvular disease a defective heart valve reduces the efficiency of the heart in pumping blood.

In myocardial disease changes in the heart muscle result in the heart pumping less efficiently.

Heart disease develops into heart failure when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to supply body tissues with adequate oxygen and nutrients.

Signs of Heart Disease

The following signs suggest heart disease:

• Low-pitched cough that may lead to gagging
• Breathing difficulties, including shortness of breath
• Reduced ability to exercise
• Noticeable weight gain or loss
• Swelling of the abdomen
• Fainting and sudden weakness

Causes of Heart Disease

• Breed - In dogs, chronic valvular disease is more prevalent in small breeds (e.g., Miniature Poodles and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels).

• Gender - Heart disease is more common in male dogs and cats.

• Age - Heart disease in dogs occurs more frequently with increasing age; cats with heart disease are usually middle-aged or older.

• Body Condition - Overweight dogs and cats are more likely to develop heart disease.

Home Care

• Watch for additional signs of illness.  If they appear, contact your veterinarian.
• Feed only the food recommended by your veterinarian.
• Follow any guidelines concerning your pet's exercise and weight management.
• Provide access to clean, fresh water.  If you have softened water, which is high in sodium, distilled water may be recommended.
• Protect your pets from stress, such as excitement, extreme exertion, high humidity and temperature extremes.
• Monitor your pet's weight, behavior and general health.

Feeding Recommendations

Like people, many pets with heart problems benefit from foods low in salt.  The proper food will reduce the workload on the heart while supplying the nutritional needs of the pet.

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